资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
马瑜婷代表:以源头创新守护人民生命健康****** 【奋进新征程 建功新时代·二十大代表在基层】 光明日报记者 苏雁 光明日报通讯员 姬尊雨 “身为科技工作者队伍中的一员,党和政府对科技创新的高度重视,对科研工作者的关心爱护,新时代科技改革发展的历史成就,我亲身经历、感受至深。”连日来,党的二十大代表、中国医学科学院苏州系统医学研究所(以下简称“系统所”)研究员、执行副院长、免疫平台主任马瑜婷积极与干部群众交流传达党的二十大精神,日程排得满满当当。 马瑜婷代表在实践活动上与青少年交流。资料图片 根据报告对象的不同,马瑜婷不断调整讲话稿,辗转各地为不同年龄、行业人群宣讲党的二十大精神。 11月11日,系统所报告厅,马瑜婷为南京师范大学苏州实验学校等学校的少先队员们上了一堂别开生面的“队课”。 “同学们的爸爸妈妈在小时候吃过一种‘糖丸’,这种美味的药其实是预防脊髓灰质炎的口服疫苗。”马瑜婷在面向中小学生的报告会中,总是以故事开头。“‘糖丸爷爷’顾方舟老先生就是我所在的中国医学科学院的老院长。上个月,我有幸在人民大会堂现场聆听了党的二十大报告,我国对科技创新、人才培养都非常重视。希望同学们未来报考医学院校,加入科技创新的队伍。”听到这里,现场的孩子们都鼓起了掌。 走上系统所8楼,两侧走廊上印有课题组简介,其中有一句话:“实验难免有失败,但科研没有死胡同,潜心思索的人总会迎来柳暗花明。”这是马瑜婷的工作信条。 课题组实验室对面,就是马瑜婷的办公室。距离仅七八步,她每天要往返无数遍,做实验、分析数据、指导研究生……“近期,我们经过大量的药物筛选,发现传统中药成分三氧化二砷能高效诱导免疫原性细胞死亡。我们建立了基于三氧化二砷的治疗性全细胞肿瘤疫苗制备技术和质量控制标准。这一个性化肿瘤疫苗不仅易于制备,而且抑癌效果显著,和PD-1单抗联合使用,能发挥1+1>2的抗癌效果。这是‘老药新用’的一次大胆尝试。”马瑜婷告诉记者。 坐落于苏州工业园区的系统所,是由中国医学科学院北京协和医学院与江苏省、苏州市、苏州工业园区合作共建的新型研究机构。2014年系统所注册成立,次年,马瑜婷放弃国外优渥的待遇回国,并作为首批员工加入。系统所成立之初,实验用具等配备不够齐全,“一开始经常得拎着冰盒到处租用设备做实验”。如今的系统所,已发展成为颇具影响力的生物医药创新高地。 党的二十大报告提出“加快实施创新驱动发展战略”,最能引起马瑜婷共鸣,这也是她传达党的二十大精神的汇报重点。“科技创新贵在发现重大科学问题,产生原创理论,打破固有观念,迎难而上,聚焦突破。”马瑜婷说,2016年9月,中国医学科学院启动医学与健康科技创新工程(以下简称“创新工程”),以“揭榜挂帅”方式鼓励科研人员进行系统攻关。马瑜婷坦言,选准关键方向、给予充足的资金支持,创新工程能够让科研人员定下心来大胆探索、深入开展原始创新,避免在争取经费和“文山会海”中分散精力。 “手捧党的二十大报告,我们深切体会到党中央对于科技创新和健康中国的高度重视。”马瑜婷感慨,“国家大力支持科研的源头创新,鼓励发现原创靶点、机理和药物。我们团队的科研工作将着力推进创新药研发,以肿瘤免疫学守护人民生命健康。” 《光明日报》( 2022年11月23日 05版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |