资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
应急管理部发布2022年全国十大自然灾害****** 中新网1月12日电据应急管理部网站消息,经应急管理部会同工业和信息化部、自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、交通运输部、水利部、农业农村部、卫生健康委、统计局、气象局、银保监会、粮食和储备局、林草局、中国红十字会总会、国铁集团等部门和单位对2022年全国重大自然灾害事件会商核定,全国十大自然灾害如下(按时间排序): 一、1月8日青海门源6.9级地震 1月8日1时45分,青海海北州门源县发生6.9级地震,震源深度10千米。震中位于青海、甘肃两省交界处,此后又发生5.1级、5.2级强余震,地震共造成青海、甘肃、内蒙古、宁夏4省(区)17.1万人受灾,不同程度损坏房屋9.5万间,局地交通、市政等基础设施受损严重,直接经济损失32.5亿元。 二、2月中下旬南方低温雨雪冰冻灾害 2月中下旬,南方出现大范围低温雨雪冰冻灾害过程,持续时间长,暴雪落区偏南,降水(雪)强度大。持续低温雨雪冰冻对农业生产、交通、电力等造成一定影响。灾害造成福建、江西、湖南、广东、广西等9省(区、市)77个市447个县(市、区)609.2万人受灾,近8400人紧急转移安置;农作物受灾面积422.3千公顷;900余间房屋倒塌,近6500间不同程度损坏;直接经济损失78.9亿元。 三、6月上中旬珠江流域暴雨洪涝灾害 5月下旬至6月上中旬,我国华南地区遭遇1961年以来第2强的“龙舟水”过程。受其影响,珠江流域连续形成2次流域性较大洪水,北江出现1915年以来最大洪水,西江、北江、韩江先后发生7次编号洪水,局地发生严重城乡内涝和山洪地质灾害等。灾害造成广东、广西2省(区)648.9万人次受灾,因灾死亡失踪37人,紧急转移安置50.2万人次;倒塌房屋9200余间,不同程度损坏2.4万间;农作物受灾面积288.4千公顷;直接经济损失278.2亿元。 四、6月份闽赣湘三省暴雨洪涝灾害 6月份,福建、江西、湖南多地遭遇多轮强降雨过程,累计雨量大、降雨落区重叠、受灾范围广,多条河流发生超历史洪水,引发洪涝和次生地质灾害等,农业、水利、交通、供水、供电等基础设施受损严重。灾害造成福建、江西、湖南3省814.2万人次受灾,因灾死亡失踪29人,紧急转移安置62.9万人次;倒塌房屋9100余间,不同程度损坏5万余间;农作物受灾面积582千公顷;直接经济损失433亿元。 五、2022年第3号台风“暹芭” 2022年第3号台风“暹芭”于7月2日15时左右在广东电白沿海登陆(台风级,35米/秒)。登陆后穿过广东、广西、湖南3省(区),其残余环流继续北上影响我国黄淮、东北等地。造成广东、广西、海南等省(区)39个市165个县(市、区)186.29万人受灾,紧急转移安置7万余人;倒塌房屋670余间,不同程度损坏近1400间;农作物受灾面积109.01千公顷;直接经济损失31.2亿元。 六、7月中旬四川暴雨洪涝灾害 7月11日至17日,四川省部分地区遭受多轮强降雨天气,部分地区降暴雨,局地大暴雨,并伴有雷电、阵性大风等强对流天气,引发山洪、泥石流等灾害。造成绵阳、阿坝、雅安等13市(州)76个县(市、区)27.9万人受灾,因灾死亡失踪36人,紧急转移安置1.4万人;倒塌房屋近400间,不同程度损坏近2200间;农作物受灾面积3.9千公顷;直接经济损失24.8亿元。 七、长江流域夏秋冬连旱 7月至11月上半月,长江流域降水异常偏少、极端高温天气持续,中旱以上日数为77天,较常年同期偏多54天,为有完整实测资料以来最严重的气象水文干旱,极端高温干旱对相关地区农业生产、人畜饮水、电力供应、生态环境等造成严重影响。旱情峰值时,造成四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、江西等12省(区、市)3978万人受灾,701.4万人因旱需生活救助;农作物受灾面积4270千公顷;直接经济损失408.5亿元。 八、8月上旬辽宁暴雨洪涝灾害 7月底至8月上旬,辽宁省中西部、东南部等地出现暴雨到大暴雨,引发洪涝灾害,辽河干流持续超警,支流绕阳河堤防发生决口险情,农业、基础设施等损失较重。灾害造成锦州、阜新、盘锦等9市31个县(市、区)54.9万人受灾,紧急转移安置3.4万人;倒塌房屋100余间,不同程度损坏8500余间;农作物受灾面积166.4千公顷;直接经济损失76亿元。 九、8月17日青海大通山洪灾害 8月17日22时许,受持续强降雨影响,青海省多地发生暴雨洪涝灾害,西宁市大通县青林乡、青山乡等地瞬时强降雨引发山洪,道路、桥梁、水利等基础设施受损严重。灾害共造成西宁、海北、海东、黄南、果洛5市(州)11个县(市、区)6.5万人受灾,因灾死亡失踪31人,紧急转移安置3300余人;倒塌房屋100余间,不同程度损坏9000余间;农作物受灾面积5.3千公顷;直接经济损失6.9亿元。 十、9月5日四川泸定6.8级地震 9月5日12时52分,四川省甘孜藏族自治州泸定县发生6.8级地震,震源深度16公里。地震造成四川省甘孜、雅安等6市(州)24个县(市、区)54.8万人受灾,因灾死亡失踪117人,紧急转移安置8万人;倒塌房屋1.2万间,不同程度损坏26.5万间;灾区居民住房及电力、通信、道路等基础设施损毁严重,直接经济损失154.8亿元。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |